'Punctuation error in your writing. Essay\r'

'Making mistakes in subject-verb treaty has always been my weakness when it comes to the grammar of my writing. I keep on doing the same grammatic lapses again and again. There are some(prenominal) rules regarding subject-verb agreement, of course, and universe ignorant of 1 or two of them is forgivable, but what is unforgivable if you sleep together the rule and yet continue to induct the same mistake.\r\nThe simple rule which I keep slipping n is the agreement of subject and verb in terms of number, specially in a present strain sentence.\r\nThe rule states that when the subject is singular, the verb should also be singular. Inversely, when the subject is plural, the verb should also be plural. The discrimination between a singular and a plural verb is one letter â€Å"s” and often dates I would omit, usually inadvertently or by carelessness, putting that one letter. I have tried to assort the bad habit by being more conscious about my writing, during and later o n writing.\r\nWhile writing and every time I am to write an put through word, I would constantly remind myself to envision back to the subject of the verb. During revision of what I wrote, I would run through the inbuilt piece with the one purpose of looking at for subject-verb agreement mistakes. I would check for errors in punctuation, spelling, and style during the first revision, but tenseness on subject-verb agreement on the insurgent run-through.\r\n'

'Kraft’s Acquisition of Cadbury Essay\r'

'The kraft paper Foods Group Inc. (â€Å"kraft paper”) operates in the food and beverage patience. kraft paper is the U.S.’s #1 food familiarity and #2 in the world (after Nestlé) in gross r neverthelessue according to Hoover’s 2009. Their militant advantages atomic number 18: global scale [statistical distribution round 150 countries, (LexisNexis, 2012)]; modern technology, equipment and R& adenine;D (â€Å"Kraft deploys SAP Tech. political program”, 2008); their partnerships with companies like AOL TWX, Rainforest Alliance, etc. (â€Å"Kraft Foods partners with Rainforest Alliance on sustainable coffee initiative”, 2009); and their supply stove (www.pincsolutions.com/kraft-foods, 2012). These advantages can attribute Kraft’s Net Profit Margin of 10.08%, compared to the industry’s average of 5.37% (Hoover’s, 2012).\r\nOn the otherwise hand, Cadbury is a confectionery and is the industry’s second-largest globall y after Mars (Gray, 2009) and the company operates in approx. 50 countries worldwide. Their capabilities, brand popularity and world arrange their main agonistical advantages (â€Å" employ Open Innovation to Ensure warlike Advantage”, 2010).\r\nWith the acquisition, Cadbury will benefit from Kraft’s scale (Birchall & Wiggins, 2009), their distribution in emerging markets (Elms, â€Å"Kraft and Cadbury) and their shareing muscle (English, 2009), which will result in a faster offshoot for Cadbury. Kraft will benefit by diversifying even more on related to billet (they already own Toblerone, Nutter Butter, etc,) and besides from Cadbury’s capabilities (brand, innovation, know-how, etc.) that will likely represent as an excess source of place creation for Kraft. Together the companies will sure impair the competition: for example the solution of Hershey’s license to make and sell the Cadbury brands in the U.S. (30% of total sales, Hooverâ⠂¬â„¢s, 2008).\r\n presently Kraft if facing two study issues, and they are:\r\n†The acquisition only makes sentience if Kraft can obtain a return on investment pileus bigger than the cost of capital indoors a reasonable timeframe. †The competition with Nestle, Hershey and Mars.\r\nThe recommendations are the following:\r\nKraft should boost the growth and profitability of Cadbury by moulding their scale, marketing potential, placing in emerging markets and partnerships, as they did with Post cereals in 2008 (Hoover’s, 2009). Additionally on the functional level, Cadbury’s legal department should terminate Hershey’s license to sell and distribute their products in the U.S. and transfer this licenses to Kraft.\r\nKraft should also deal out advantage of the Cadbury acquisition (diversifying on related business) and this should result in the creation of additional value for Kraft, resulting in a competitive advantage vs. competitors (Nestlé, Mars , etc.).\r\nA â€Å"tapered” consolidation of Cadbury is reasonable: selling the distribution rights to competitors in the markets where Kraft is not present (43 countries); at the same time Kraft should exploit the exclusive distribution and fabrication rights for Cadbury’s products where they are present.\r\n'

'The Three Basic Economic Questions\r'

'The Three Basic stinting Questions 1. What to mystify? what items to receive and how overmuch of sever bothy item to produce using its deep inputs in the most efficient manner. 2. How to Produce? One the decision has been made regarding what to produce. each country must choose which resources creative inputs go forth be holdd and in what combinations3. For Whom to Produce? Should the productive takingss be distributed establish on social customs duty, in-person wealthiness and ownership, or mandated by the disposal? mandated government- chinaware no youtube or facebook (social customs- north korea the worst)Basic sparing Systems Traditional Economy One in which economical decisions depend upon social customs and rarely changes from generations to generation. in these societies, religion and refining are more(prenominal) important than personal wealth and material possessions. ( north korea, india marriage) conncected to for whom to produce in traditionMarket Econo my One in which economic decisions are based on private ownership, where any(prenominal)ones are free to take their own self interest. This system is very much referred to as capitalism. individuals use their incomes to purchase goods and services. The more income one earns, the more purchasing bureau they have.Command Economy One in which all productive inputs are owned by the government and central planners within that government decide what items to produce and how much will be produced; how it will be produced and how output will be distributed based upon evaluate future needs of the saving. ex. China absolute majority AfricaMixed Economy One that combines aspects of a mart economy and a command econmy; the economy uses both markets and government to make decisions. close countires today fall under the conflate eonomly definition, however in varying degrees amongst private and public sector limit ex. Sweden, Canada, USA Economic SystemAdvantagesDisadvantagesTradit ional Stability Emphasizes on spiritual and cultural aspects of lifePoverty Lack of individual freedomsMarket Individual consumers determine what is produced and ultimately how much they are willing to pay.Encourages innovation and entrepreneurshipInstability in output due to changes in prices and/ or employment levels Private markets do not always consider the needs of confederacy as a whole e.g. dispossessed shelters. If income is distributed based solely on earnings, some individuals might not earn complete to obtain the basic necessities of life. CommandMore even dispersal of incomeCentral planners can focus on economic growth by directing resources in a specific direction.Lack of individual freedomsCentral provision difficulties and errors in judgmentInefficient use of resources due to the wishing of profit to motivate the efficient use of resources\r\n'

'Integumentary System Case Study\r'

'Suntans and Sun bites A Case Study in the Integumentary System By WH slump and AW Wright A Painful Winter crumble On the first day afterwards arriving in Australia for Christmas vacation, a University of Niagara pupil plays aside in the sun for six hours. later that night he notices that the shin on his trunk, legs and blazonry becomes red, swollen and extremely painful. By morning all of the afflicted aras obligate developed numerous blisters. These areas cover about(predicate) 30% of the trunk (front and back) and 40% of the arms and legs.\r\n1. What organ has been monetary valued? ·The Integuemtary System ( shin) has been damaged.\r\n2. What universal parts of tissue paper pretend been afflicted? · severalise squamous epithelium in the epi derma, areolar connector tissue, and some dense irregular connecter tissue in the dermis have been afllicted\r\n3. What type of burn has the student accredited? Explain. ·He has received burns in the 2nd degree which are accompanied by blisters and pain.\r\n4. What type of radiation has caused the burn? ·Ultraviloet radition (UVA) specifically UBA and UBV.\r\n\r\n5. List all the layers of the skin that have been damaged? ·Epidermis: class corneum, stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum, and stratum basale. ·corium (upper region): papillary layer . List ALL layers that have been killed? ·None of the layers have been killed, scarcely damaged in the second degree.\r\n7. What tissue repair process causes the blistering? · wind regeneration which is the process in which unstable builds up between the epidermis and the dermis layer causing them to separate.\r\n8. Why is this type of burn so painful? · referable to the damage of the epidermis many case endings in the dermis have been heart-to-heart which cause pain. A burn is considered critical and should receive prompt medical concern if: > 25% of the body is covered by 2nd degree burns or > 10% of the body is covered b y 3rd degree burns\r\n9. What component of the total body surface has been ruin? Show your calculations! ·(36% x 30%)= 11% ·(36% x 40%)= 14% ·(18% x 40%)= 7% ·(11% + 14% + 7%)= 32%; #2% of the body’s surface has been ruin.\r\n10. Is the burn critical? Should the student seek medical attention? ·Yes he should seek medical attention to revoke developing any infections in the lacerations, as well as to receive meds to financial aid with the pain.\r\n11. List all of the body functions that whitethorn be disrupted by much(prenominal) a burn. ·Integumentary ·Nervous ·lymphatic ·Muscular Recovery\r\n12. After a few days the skin peels and the burned areas set forth to heal.\r\nThe student notices that the healing areas are more susceptible to injuries due to chafing or trauma. What has happened to the skin that would cause this ontogenesisd force? ·The barrier function has been altered so the skin is more susceptibile to trauma and damage. Duri ng the neighboring week after the student returns to the States, his genius tells him that a sunburn prepares his skin for a sound tan. His friend encourages him to quickly begin tanning sessions at a local anaesthetic tanning salon before the personal effects of the burn wear off.\r\n13. What would you advise him to do? Why? I would advise him not go and to avoid long periods of picture to sun and other radiation devices.\r\n14. Is a deep tan a patsy of skin that is healthy or disadvantageously stressed? Explain your answer. ·A deep tan is a sign of poorly stressed skin. When skin is exposed to UV rays, cells called melaoncytes produce brown pigment melanin, which darkens skin the cells of the epidermis. The darkening of the skin cells is the skin inwrought defense mechanism against further damage for UV radiation. Unrepaired damage analogous so can lead to an increase risk of developing skin pubic louse and other skin problems like photoaging-wrinkles, flag skin, an d sun spots.\r\n'

'Behavior Change Paper Essay\r'

' figure a innovationly concern where college students induce metre a expression(a) of their school and walk into a Mc gainalds. Imagine a world where tonic water machines continue to make millions of dollars per year by placing soda machines in schools and universi crossties. Imagine a world where in our society, approximately 20 percent of to misbegot solar day’s jejuneness ar con linementred obese. Imagine a world where obesity is killing more state than smoking each day. Imagine this world as our reality. World huge, obesity is a maturement concern due to a wide range of contri excepting factors, and is an epidemic that tidy sum be controlled if a healthy life style of regular exercise and a well-ad verticaled diet atomic number 18 brinytained and incorporated into our usual life. Because obesity is so predominant in the United States especi onlyy the s awayh portion much(prenominal) as nitrogen Carolina, I decided to do my behaviour deviate show on wobble magnitude my sensible action mechanism for six weeks by recitation at least prevalent chord close to eld a week, balancing my diet, and similarly substituting sodas and ju icing the pucks for more water. With obesity on the rise, I believe that it is precise distinguished to stay run short and main(prenominal)tain a healthy diet.\r\nIncreasing my animal(prenominal) bodily diversionction was definitely contend, solely I acquire so much ab aside myself passim, and I am so grateful that I carry throughed such a challenging task. In the past I pro colossal tried to follow through this conclusion, nevertheless I noticed while doing this stick out, that I started to attack the same obstructions that I did when trying to accomplish this goal once before. One of the main challenges was clock time management. I could never pay off the time to squeeze in 30 minutes to an hour’s charge of exercise when I had exams to prep ar for, find out d eadlines, and figureing twenty hours every week. Who has time to exercise? When entrust I be able to exercise? Even though these barriers were hard to overcome, increase my animal(prenominal) natural action felt ten times cleanse and helped abridge a lot of those everlasting stressors that I constantly kept experiencing. obesity has puzzle a serious semipublic health concern affecting a signifi smoket portion of the population in countries such as the United States and numerous other developed countries throughout the world.\r\n fit in to the Ameri nates Heart Association, among Americans time-worn 20 and older, over 154.7 million are lumbering or obese. 79.9 million were men, and 74.8 million were women. not only are American bigs obese, only if similarly our future children of America! tally to the American Heart Association, 23.9 million children and adolescents aged 2 to 19 years are overweight or obese with 33% being boys and 15% being girls. With these emergen t numbers, childhood obesity can potentially become the number oneness planetary killer around the world. The numbers of adult and childhood obesity are correct higher among the African American and Hispanic communities, where nearly 40% of the children and adults are overweight or obese. If we don’t purpose this problem, one third of all children born(p) in 2000 or later, will suffer from diabetes at somewhat point in their lives. Many others will face inveterate obesity related health problems such as heart unhealthiness, high profligate pressure, cancer, and asthma (â€Å"Let’s hightail it”). One of the numerous dashs to reduce some of the obesity trends we call as health educators is to increase fleshly performance by exercising and encouraging at least 30 minutes of physical bodily function each day.\r\nAnother way to promote transpose in our lymph glands is to shake up and influence the many health benefits of change magnitude physical bodily function such as: weight loss, stronger heart and lungs, increased pearl density, reduced risk of heart disease and some types of cancer, temporary relief from everyday stressors, more confidence slightly how we inspect ourselves, and more energy. Who pauperisms to huff and puff just going up one safety valve or stairs, or jumping to sting into our jeans? Increasing physical activity has many benefits that are not only physical, moreover mental as well. As a health educator, I would encourage my client to take physical activity one day at a time. Don’t bombard yourself with too much activity in one day that you become too sore to want to exercise the beside day. Also, discipline goals! No goals are impossible and make the goals fit you! If you longing to lose weight, telephone to yourself what are you willing to sacrifice to accomplish this goal. How much do you want to lose? In what time frame do you desire?\r\nAnother big advice that I would encourage is to organize your schedule! One barrier that I continuously experienced throughout this project was time management and conclusion the time to actually get out and get pitiable. One big achievement to overcome this barrier that I discover was looking into my planner and planning out the times and days that I had rich time to exercise. Not only organize, but overly find an activity that you fool a go at it and own it! One physical activity that I found fun during this project was yoga! Yoga truly put me in a peaceful state of wit and it do me forget how much home clear I had to comp allowe at home or whether I paid my phone menu on time. I unfeignedly affiliated with my body and loved it! Encourage validatory self-talk! During this project, I found that I would negatively talk myself out of exercising because I would be too lazy or if the weather wasn’t on my side I would itemise myself, â€Å"Oh no, can’t operation out today because it’s too co ld!”\r\nAlways think positively! Start slow and tell yourself that you CAN do it and the want and vehemence to exercise will become natural. end-to-end this project, I knew that I needful a PLAN. I needed something that would inspire me three days a week to every hit the gym or go outside and engage in physical activity. One way that helped me accomplish my goal was placing sticky notes on the refrigerator to go work out or a question of whether I exercised today or not. These sticky notes also inspired my roomie to engage in physical activity as well! Hey, I mean you have no choice when you are about to grab that ice thrash to look at the door and say, â€Å"Oh man, should I genuinely be eating this ice cream today?” â€Å"Did I work out today like I promised myself?” Knowing that I had a daily re heeder to exercise really pushed me to go outside and get active or if the weather was a critical sticky, I would encourage myself to work out privileged by d oing squats during commercials of my favorite TV shows or playing tennis on my Wii for at least 30 minutes.\r\nI knew that whatsoever I chose to do, I wanted it to be fun and inspiring to get me up and moving and change my lazy appearance especially when it comes to exercising. Also, completing my every week checklist really hit home for me and could help me see trends in my mien or common obstacles that I endured for that week. Not only did the weekly checklist help, but also writing a journal illustrating my travel helped me really become motivated and show how much I have changed from the beginning of not regular thinking of exercising to loving exercising and how much fun it can be once you find the right activity that suits you and makes you want to move! This project really inspired me. I can’t believe that it is the end and I am a little sad. I had so much fun discloseing why I wasn’t exercising and what I could do to change my deportment. I found some common trends in my obstacles from my weekly checklist such as: homework, time management, and self-motivation. I knew that found off these common trends, I needed to find some strategies that would influence me to work out.\r\nI found that organizing my schedule, placing workout accommodate in my car, and managing my time really helped me accomplish my goals. Also, my new puppy Lola helped inspire me to go outside more and encourage physical activity by walking Lola everyday and not only encouraging physical activity for myself, but also Lola as well. I want her to have a healthy heart and lungs! This project was very challenging, but I knew that with the right travel of motivation, I would complete it with no worries and also continue my journeying! As a future health educator, I have learned that change is hard. This behavior change project really opened my eyeball to how amazing changing a behavior can be and what a long journey it can be as well. This project helped me be able to identify a behavior and target what main reasons and goals can be set freighter this behavior. I really enjoyed this project and it really helped me see that I can do anything that I put my mind to. I want to continue working out and you never know, I could be your next Baywatch babe! I would encourage my clients to set goals, stick with them, and if they see themselves slipping, to bounce anchor and get back to it like I did.\r\nExercising can be fun when you choose things you love! I would tie my journey to the Transtheoretical form of behavior change. the Transtheoretical Model (TTM) focuses on the decision-making of the individual and is a homunculus of intentional change. The TTM operates on the assumption that multitude do not change behaviors pronto and decisively. Rather, change in behavior, especially common behavior, occurs continuously through a circular process. The TTM is not a theory but a forge; different behavioral theories and constructs can be ap plied to mixed coiffures of the model where they may be near(prenominal) effective. The TTM posits that individuals move through six degrees of change: precontemplation, contemplation, conceptualization, action, maintenance, and termination. For each stage of change, different preventive strategies are most effective at moving the person to the next stage of change and subsequently through the model to maintenance, the ideal stage of behavior. In the beginning, I can definitely say that I was in the precontemplation stage where I had no intention of exercising or changing my lazy behavior.\r\nI knew in my mind that I was not going to change and that this would be a waste of time, but then I entered the contemplation stage where I said to myself, â€Å"Hmm perchance I could stop being a frame up potato and see what exercising is all about.” As the project progressed, I entered the preparation or determination phase and got excite to get moving and start my journey of working out or doing some type of exercising three days per week. I set out a game plan and organized a schedule to motivate me to move and also get my roommate and puppy up and moving too! That’s when I took action! I got up and stayed pore on actually working out and staying healthy! I relapsed a fewer times, but I never let it get me down! I knew that increasing my physical activity would help me and I need to MAINTAIN it! Now, I am in the maintenance phase where although this project is over, I want to continue doing yoga and maybe look into some Zumba! A little shake shake shake can always get you up and moving and ready to start your day!\r\nThis behavior change project has shown me that I can do anything that I put my mind to. I really enjoyed learning about myself throughout this entire process and so thankful that I have successfully decided to incorporate a little exercise in some way throughout my day. I have changed for the break in in a way that I thought I n ever could. My parents are proud of me, my friends are proud of me, and most of all, I am proud of me. I overcame my laziness and actually found something I can possibly love in my own way and decided that I am a great person through it all. I have flaws and I also make mistakes that I am not proud of, but this is I. This is whom I am and changing has shown me that I can do anything and has given me a cave in insight as to who I am as an individual. This class has shown me with hard work and self-motivation, I can accomplish anything that is determined in front of me. This experience will always share a place in my heart and I will never forget the memories and life lessons that I have collected along my journey of becoming a better me.\r\n'

'Due Dates and Instructions for Course Assignments Essay\r'

'JAN 12 AUTOBIOGRAPHY- You are required to set this subsidization in the Autobiography section cock-a-hoop us some background nearly yourself, where you grew up, the family you grew up in, where you live, interests and hobbies, and anything else you would like us to spot slightly you, your chosen major, your goals, etc. If you bugger off any digital photo(s) of yourself you whitethorn regain free to attach it as vigorous. beguile include a few thoughts intimately why you are taking this product line, what you go for to learn, and how you think you evoke apply it to your life. This engagement is graded on your king to accurately present yourself to the rest of the class and how well you convey your initial thoughts ab issue the look at of sociology and this flight. Please keep in attend that this designation is worth an entire earn grade. It is worth the same amount of topographic points as your mid-term study! So, please put the appropriate epoch and thought into it. It should be a bare borderline of 350 words. It needs to be typed directly into the Discussions section (or copied and pasted) but relate to documents are not allowed. Other students and I should be adequate to show up your locating without opening an attachment.\r\nJAN 19-APR 20 WEEKLY CHAPTER QUIZZES- thither depart be atomic number 53 interrogation for each chapter for a total of 24 exams. Each exam provide restrain 20 dubietys or less with an delegate point value for each question totaling 20 points. Due dates for each chapter essay can be hold back in bloodline syllabus and on the course calendar. on that point allow usually be 2 chapter quizzes per week.\r\nWEEKLY CHAPTER DISCUSSION POSTINGS- There entrust be a preaching greenback for each chapter, 24 total. nearly weeks forget enshroud only one chapter but most will cover two chapters. Due dates for each chapter banter posting can be found in the course syllabus and in the course calendar. Eac h chapter sermon posting will be worth a uttermost of 5 points (3 for original post and 2 for response post). Full creed of 120 points will be awarded found on the student’s responses to instructor questions (3 or more(prenominal)(prenominal)) and responses to classmates’ postings (1 or more) for each chapter’s discussion. Your answers must reflect that you have read the cor serveing chapters. In order for other students to have adequate opportunity to respond to your posts, your original posting must be posted prior to 9:00 pm on the referable date. Your response posts can be posted until the close of the discussion at 11:59 pm. authorized postings posted after 9:00 pm will be docked 1 pt. You will have one week to gross(a) the discussion postings. Late postings will not be accepted.\r\nMAR 2 coeval SOCIAL PROBLEM REPORT\r\nThe social occasion of this engagement is to help you define and take care what constitutes a social fuss. You will explore a social difficulty that you study important so that you can scram a sociological panorama of the issues face up the world that we live in. You can study a problem in your local anesthetic community, in the nation, or a more global issue that affects everyone. As you act your research for this assignment please bugger off sure that you allow enough time and sources to fully understand what you are report about before you start. You will keep littlely about the problem that you get which requires a careful evaluation of the questions to be answered as they relate to the problem.\r\nUsing more than one research source will enhance your sociological perspective of the problem. This will also make you better able to look at how the problem originated and poke into what can be done about it. The final question requires that you attempt to coif up with solutions to the problem based on what you have learned through your research. Resources such(prenominal) as daily counte rsignpapers, weekly news magazines, or regularly published journals will help you to research your social problem. Be sure that you do not simply summarize an article without a critical evaluation of what was create verbally. In your paper you will address the following questions:\r\n1.Why is this problem considered a social problem?\r\n2.When, how, and where did the problem deject?\r\n3.What other social problems are connect to this problem?\r\n4.What groups are affected by the problem?\r\n5.Who is hurt by it?\r\n6.Who benefits (or stands to gain) from the problem?\r\n7.How does it affect you personally?\r\n8.What can be done and by whom, to alleviate the problem?\r\nYour report should be clear, brief, and concise, with a minimum of 2 pages and a maximum of 3 pages. Use 12 point face and double space this assignment. You can call the questions and answer them individually or you may write the report in a narrative form. You are required to bring forth and use a minimum of 2 profound filename extensions (a scholarly reference does not include newspapers, magazines, etc. A scholarly reference is bona fide research from a presumable source, ie., Pub Med., published research from an trustworthy University, etc.) for this assignment and paper should be written in APA format. A grading glossary for this assignment is included in the assignment dropbox. The assignment should be submitted in the course assignment dropbox prior to the final cod date.\r\nAPR 28 FINAL ASSIGNMENT- This assignment is intentional to effectively assess what the student has learned in the course. Students will demonstrate their perception of course material by applying sociological concepts, terminologies, and perspectives to any type of contemporary guinea pig or cultural dimension. The way out for this sociological perspective may come from a book, a periodical article, a telly program, movie, news program, cultural event, or observation. The paper should be well thought out and the application of sociological concepts, terminologies and perspectives to the chosen topic should be accurate and well defined.\r\n consider a topic that allows you to apply as many sociological terms and concepts as possible. This assignment is expected to be a minimum of 3 pages with a maximum of 4 pages. Use 12 point font and double spacing for this assignment. At least one scholarly reference should be cited in order to give depth and substance to this assignment. Paper should be written in APA style. Grading will be based on your ability to clearly display in make-up your understanding of the basic concepts of sociology and your ability to originate and exhibit a societal perspective that utilizes the sociological imagination. A grading rubric for this assignment is available in the assignment dropbox. The assignment should be submitted in the course assignment dropbox prior to the final due date.\r\n'

'Thomas Jefferson: Did He Live up to His Beliefs?\r'

'doubting Thomas Jefferson did non fully hold water up to his beliefs, to the result of the Louis Ana leveraging and the issue on slaves. Thomas Jefferson was a simple man, a tributary list, whose beliefs included strict construction of the shaping, and that e very men are created equal. Despite the feature the Jefferson built schools in order to construct the poor CEQ al rights, he went against his beliefs meet slavery. In Document 2, Jeffery on States â€Å" blackamoor men are pests”.He is saying that discolour people are incapable of cosmos as successful as whites, which immediately contradicts his beliefs. Also, after he realize De he wouldnt be able to change the rules on slavery, he kept his slaves on his mark action. Document 4 suggests that â€Å"Jefferson slaves were his property. Both Dotcom .NET 4 and 5 talk nearly Jefferson afford of freedom to seven slaves. It talks about a s lave which he had an affair with, and her children, who were all presum ptuousness freedom. He only granted freedom to very few slaves, which proves he did not live up to his bell ifs.The Louisiana barter for was directed by a handsome construction of the constitution, c monetary to Jefferson beliefs. It says in Document 6, ” Nowhere in the constitution could J offers find mention of the purchase of land from foreign powers. ” Presidents do not have this right to purchase such lands, yet Jefferson thought it wasnt beyond his rights given in the constitution.\r\n'

'BRAAAP Company Essay\r'

' first appearance\r\nThe Braaap pedal brand was established in 2008 by Brad Smith. Brad began with a vision to bring out motorbikes which would making motorcycling more gambling and social for mass. The plan from the start was to build a bicycle that would compete with custom built American festinate bikes, but be inexpensive for people that appetite to eat a go at this sport. It took a lot of visits to different manu pointurers before they found one that believed in his vision. Since then it has been onwards and upwards for the Braaap brand, they develop their own concept stores in Tasmania and Victoria, and immunity opportunities end-to-end Australia and the rest of the world. Braaap are in addition one of the but motorcycle brands on the market to offer a lifetime warranty.\r\nKey Characteristics of Braaap products and benefits\r\nThe Braaap products have quaternion major features to their products and services, they are: Lifetime warranty cream, customisation , pliable finance and built for adults. The lifetime warranty option is available on all their products and bikes. Having this option improves the attractor of the product to their clients and gives them piece of mind about repairs and alimony on aspects of their bikes. Customisation is another feature that Braaap offer to their guests. This inwardness that the customers can choose from a wide escape of colours and accessories to personalise their motorbikes to suit their own tastes. This doesn’t impact the action of the bikes at all, in fact with all the different options available to purchase the customer can change some of the accessories on their bikes as their tastes change. This would actually improve the life of the bike and act certain that customers would perhaps return at a later stage to either upgrade their bikes or their customisations.\r\nCurrently 37% of Braaap customers return at later stages to upgrade to full size bikes. Flexible finance is a big feature that Braaap offer, from $3 per daytime finance it makes owning a motorcycle very affordable for most people. As the bikes vary in price, Braaap depart provide term contributement and besides a rent to own option. This enables customers to get on now and pay later. Braaap bikes have been spec ifically designed to that adults can ride them. They have the Learn to Ride program, Lifetime train and Ride Club which enables most adult riders to constrain proficient in riding the Braaap bike the subdue way Review of determine policy and analyse pricing variables to determine their effect of demand The pricing policy for the Braaap products are based on franchise and manufacture prices, including Braaap overheads, this determines the final price that’s displayed online and instore. These prices deal all the products within the Braaap brand from clothing, spare parts, motorcycles etc\r\nPrices for the bikes are as follows:\r\nKids 50cc$1,799.00\r\n88cc$1,999,00\r\n12 5cc$2,399.00\r\nClassic 150cc$2.999.00\r\nMaistro 150cc$3,999.00\r\nPro 190cc$4,649.00\r\nRoad racing car 250cc$3,999.00\r\nBraaap are a reasonably priced brand with the performance of the other major motorbike brands like Yamaha and Honda. Yamaha in comparison with the 250 cc road racer with a similar model sells for around $8,999.00 and Honda is around $4,300.00.This agent that they are competitively priced and affordable to the mass market.\r\n 1 problem that could a abstract is the price of the components, if the cost of these rise this could influence the overall price of the motorbikes. Other factors that could require this is the strength of of the Australian Dollar and the foreign market.\r\n go the impact and importance of the following elements to market outcomes.\r\na/The promotional methods â€\r\nCustomer Interaction Programs like having perpetual ride clubs established to provide safe and sound and fun riding environments for all riders from beginners to the mo re advanced. They have a ride club with sponsored events and fundraisers; these provide another substitute(a) for riders of all levels to be involved. They also have email naturalsletters that people can get regular updates as well as a facebook page (38570 likers) which promotes the safe riding environment and a place for people to interact with others. Using current technology is a huge plus for Braaap as the website is full of information, engraft videos for customers to see and also online stores and information about franchise opportunities, dealership opportunities and staff opportunities.\r\nb/Channels of scattering â€\r\nThe channels of distribution are online and instore. They have also introduced a franchise opportunity within Australia and are actively looking at distributors in the international market. The dealership opportunity is very generous with a Cashflow Positive Guarantee which removes cashflow risk. The other benefits are the alike(p) as the concept st ores with the easy finance option, Braaap website accessibility plus customisation etc.\r\nc/Level of customer service provided_\r\nBraaap have passionate and motivated gross sales staff that excel in the level of customer service provided. The despatch from their online stores is fast (the plan is to have parts ordered during the week and to the customer by the weekend so they can ride). The Braaap Company has a high expectation with regards to their customer service and they single employ driven people that love the motorcycle industry as much as they do. Braaap also demands a high level of customer service to be provided to their customers from their partners within Australia, NZ and the USA. Identify Braaap’s say-so customer base and key pressure points for victor in devolveing them\r\nBraaap’s potential customer base is the 80% of customer’s new to the sport. They are not actively targeting the existing 3% of customers that currently own dirt bikes. T he way that Braaap reach their potential clients is via social media, hosting dirt bike events regularly and through their Learn to Ride programs (registration is done on their website).\r\nEstablish the components of the marketing mix, include information on how each element of the marketing mix has been used, their signification to each other and their relevance to the customer base.\r\n'

'The Past, Present and the Future of the Internet\r'

'THE PAST, grant AND THE FUTURE OF THE INTERNET; AND HOW IT’S AFFECT THE ENVIRONMENT. squeeze The pre direct paper connotes problems with the roles of the meshing nowadays and the subtraction of it especi eachy to the environment. This interrogation pass oning come forth from the advance(prenominal) stage of the lucre, then goes to the period IT industry and at last what do we aspect in the future found on what we already achieved today. This research in addition is choo watch outd advisedly to gift people understand the risk of it as this issue is not having been discussed openly with former(a)s.There is no p atomic routine 18ntage for the speedy development in IT industry result make the life rideting easier, but we as well select to know merchant ship the curtain ab come out of the clo slew this engineering science as human invention will never repay perfect. Table of content rogue 1) Introduction4 2) Literature review6 3) Methodology8 4) Findin gs / Data Analysis9 5) Discussion on Findings13 6) Conclusion15 7) References17 8) adjunct 18 1) INTRODUCTION 1. Background of Study meshwork is disruptive. Largely for remedy, profit has disrupted the way we travel, communicate, conduct business, produce, socialize and manage our homes and lives.This disrupt ability has electric potential to reduce our dependence on dirty brawn and make society cleaner, much efficient and cater renewability. Parts of our individual lives argon becoming much efficient even as we take on more. profits bear enable us to cut down(p) on energy intensive practice by stillowing us to work from home with teleconferencing and teleworking tools. Now we keister read our electricity use in real era and manage it better accordingly. We similarly john stream medicament on the profits instead of taking up spot on our hard drive.Nevertheless, as we applaud the positive, clear impacts and measurable, game changing potential of meshwork, w e also indigence to pay attention to what is behind the curtain. The profits welkin has a choice to make as the rent for internet found product and service has grows exp whizntially. In the United States, Europe and particularly in maturation economies such as India and China, so does come in of entropy we produce globally. 2. Statement of problem The increasing of uses of internet speedily consumes more energy for them to provide the service.It is a good sign of our engine room. Unfortunately, most of meshing partnership facilities argon thus far use coal based energy to business office up their selective culture concent put on and its office. This problem should not take lightly as gazillion tonnes of carbon dioxide (CO2) had been release in the business line as a depart of us who be using the internet uncontrolled all(prenominal) day. With the cathartic the large measuring stick of CO2 to the air, it will mitigate our ozone layer that can consequence man y change and catastrophic to the earth such as temper change, global warming and skin cancer.So this problem can grant to be flummox of many disasters that we already face these days. 3. Objective of study I. To happen upon out the usage of internet and digital crook from the past(a) to the future. II. To understand the impact of rapid developing technology and the internet to the environment. 4. Research passs The research moves that take away been hypothesise for this study argon: I. Does use of internet can contribute to taint? II. How much damaged of this technology to the environment? 2) LITERATURE REVIEWThe internet business relationship was started from 29 October 1969, when the offset pass in ARPANET (Advance Research objectify Agency Network) between estimators at UCLA (University California, Los Angeles) to another(prenominal) computer in Stanford Research Institute. The first message that had been sent is a word ‘LOGIN’ but the computer at U CLA suddenly crashed and solitary(prenominal) word ‘LO’ that had been sent. In archaeozoic development, there’re only 4 computers in the mesh topology which is UCLA, Stanford, UTAH and University of California, Santa Barbara. Now, we confirm millions of computers including portable ruse that can penetration the internet in one judgment of conviction (Prouser, 2011). later 40 twelvemonths since the first message in ARPANET, now we get the benefit from it. After countless of development, internet nowadays can be get at almost everywhere. The internet technology was rapidly evolved hurried than automotive industry. The spin that we use to entree the internet also becomes more powerful. Now, we can get faster speed access, accessiond of shop capabilities, and broader crook connectivity such as hand phone and anovulatory drug PC besides of desktop computers and laptop (Neolabels, 2010). The total of internet user was reached to 3 billion users in 2010 ( lake herring, 2011).To support the huge amount of users, there atomic number 18 currently just approximately 44 millions servers in the world. This amount of servers were contribute close to 2% of carbon emissions or the same second-rate of aviation industry or medium size country such as Argentina and Sweden (Forrest, Kaplan, & Kindler, cc8). This is because, according to Gary Cook & Jodie Van bird of night (April 2011), â€Å"The technologies of the 21st century are still for the most part powered by the dirty coal power of the past, with over half of the companies rated herein relying on coal for between 50% and 80%of their energy needs.This mode the internet industry also producing carbon emissions the like other attach to despite that we did not sack it” (p. 5). they also claims that we drop generated 1. 2 zettabytes of digital schooling with our tweets, YouTube videos, Facebook status updates, iTunes downloads, emails and other entropy transf ers. In another study, Koomey (2008) finds out that worldwide electricity used by info center of attentions are doubled from 2000 to 2005. The data centres that plate this explosion of digital information currently consume more than 3% of US electricity, and approximately 1. % to 2% of global electricity, growing at a rate of approximately 12% annually. Greenpeace ( March 2010) had release their composing called consider IT Green; claims the electricity consumption of data centres may be as much as 70% higher than previously predicted. The combined electricity demand of the internet globally is 662bn kWh and would rank the one-fifth among countries beating electricity consumption in India, Germany, Canada, brazil-nut tree and United Kingdom. According to the information that taken from the meshwork publication from Cisco, ‘ profiting solutions sub solution’ retrieved from http://www. mashable. om (2010) by; Internet relations is projected to approach 1 zettaby te per yr in 2015; that is equivalent of all the digital data in existence in 2010. Regionally speaking, traffic is expected to more than double in the nerve center East and Africa, where there will be an average of 0. 9 inventions per person for a projected universe of 1. 39 billion. Latin America is close behind, with a 48% increase in traffic and an estimated 2. 1 whatsiss per person among a population of 620 million. 3) METHODOLOGY The research is mainly focus on IIUM school-age childs in all major from different background of kuliyyah.This is because to make it slatternly and not bias only to specific disciple or specific answering. Unfortunately, the research did not complicate respondent of the outside of IIUM because of a few limitation. The respondents were also selected from the mahallah to respond the questionnaires. 1. Population and Sampling Approximately the questionnaires that were been delivered to the IIUM students are around 20 questionnaires. By using stochastic sampling, they were distributed the questionnaire to the student and then take it back later they finish with the questionnaire. 0 respondents were selected from male student and 10 more respondents from the female student around the IIUM campus and mahallah. 2. orchestration and Data Collection The data astir(predicate) uses of the internet is gathered by making the mickle. In the survey, the data was collected by answering a set of questionnaire which inhabits of 8 questions. The survey question, the students were asked about their own cause and how regularly they are on using internet in their basic life every day. The survey form is divided to two branchs which are partition A and B. ection A is for responded personal information and section B is for closed-ended questions. 4) FINDINGS / DATA ANALYSIS 1. Findings 2. Data summary Based on the survey made during the research, the first question which is determine whether they are using the internet or not, the result maneuvers that all or light speed% of the respondents are using the internet. This is because the policy and method on the IIUM itself in encouraging their student to use internet. They need to use the internet at to the lowest degree for enter their subject for new semester in their year of study.Other than that, the students also need to use the internet to search the artificial lake of their assignment and learning throughout the semester. The second question was to determine how frequent the respondent to access the internet in one week. Based on my survey, at was it is clearly shows that most of them, which be of 58% are accessing the internet every day. It was left others option by far which is only 26% of respondent are accessing in 4 to 6 days a week, followed by 2 to 3 days, 11% and in conclusion once a week which is 5%. From this question,The neighboring question that was asked in the survey was the while they washed-out every day on the internet. Most of them pass their time on internet about 1 to 3 hours a day. It was followed by respondent that only spent less than 1 hour which consists about 30% and lastly, only 10% of them are glide more than 3 hours a day. Social network are the most often website that the respondent ring compare to the other type of website. There is 50% of them are spent their time surfing on the internet by visiting to social network such as Facebook, Twitter, MySpace, BlogSpot, and online game. 5% of the respondents are frequently use internet for multimedia website such as YouTube, Vivo, and also music download website. The third spatial relation goes to was on instant messaging which contribute about 15% of the respondent. They prefer to use Yahoo Chat, Google spill the beans or Facebook chat when they are on-line. Unfortunately, only 10% of them are using the internet for check their e-mail. This result shows that respondent are using the internet for recreation and socialize rather than use it f or something that in truth ripe to them. The next question that was asked in the survey was the number of devices that they have.This question is to prove that in the future, the number of device on every person is increasing. In the survey, the result found that most of them have at least one or two device which consists of 45% and 40% respectively. This result was influence of many students at least has laptop or desktop on them besides of cell phone that also can access the internet. exactly 5% of them did not have and 10% have 3 or more device that can access the internet. The types of device that respondent have been asked on the question number sise in the survey. As expected, most of them, which is 95% have laptop or desktop which can access the internet.Hand phone was on the second place which consist 13 respondent or 65% of the respondent have this device that can access the internet. Only 15% and 10% of them have tablet PC and other device such as music player and gami ng device. The result on question seven was surprising. From the survey, only 8 respondents look about the pollution that can occur from the uses of the internet which consist only 40% of them. Other respondents never comprehend about this topic ever before. From this question, we can image that there are still a cud of people that are not aware about this issue.This is because the pollution put up is we barely can see in naked eye. Also, this pollution is majorly consumed by IT caller rather than a person. The question number eightsome that was asked in the survey is about the showtime of information that respondent get about the issue. From the survey, we can think that the respondent majorly heard about this issue from newsprint or magazine which contributes about 33%, followed by from internet which is 25%. Both source, which is from friends and educations or spoken language are only consist about 17%. Lastly, 8% of the respondent had heard this issue from other resou rce such as advertisement and seminar. ) preaching ON FINDINGS The finding shows that majorly students in IIUM have the come across in using the internet. The finding is very logical argument if we through this research back to 10 old age before. In that day, only a few of student who have the computer and it can be categorised as a luxury item (Leiner B, Cerf V, Clark D, (2001). This station is parallel to the point that the development of IT technology is faster than other technology such as go and builds construction. The time IIUM student spent on the internet also very long. Most of them spent their time about 1 to 3 hours a day.By the time passed, they do not realized how they are cachexia their time in front of their laptop every day only for checking their Facebook, reading about confer on the blog, even watching videos on Youtube. This is the theorize on the example that Allah stated in al-Quran: â€Å"By Al-Asr (the time). Verily! Man is loss. Except such as have faith, and do righteous deeds, and (join together) in the shared teaching of Truth, and Patience and Constancy” (p. 601). With the amount of device that respondent have in this day, there is not impossible that the users of internet will be quadruplet in 2015.The increase of smart device in the market and more affordable electronic device that use and can access the internet, slowly increase the chance for the people to connect to the internet in the future. This theory also being supported by Odlyzko (2000) who forecasted the explosive growth in small rustleing devices, which will often have small storage and low bandwidth over wireless links, and thus will be most useful if they can get data from local storage. This model also allows for late integration with special hardware for intellectual retention protection. Unfortunately, there is still a small amount of us that aware about this issue.This might be the deficiency of information that can be extend to the peopl e as a clear lack of transparency from major IT brands is the one biggest reason behind this imprecision. (Teske, 2010). The other reason is this pollution is not majorly contributed from the users. The pollution are majorly contribute from the IT company that use a huge amount of energy to power up the system. They need that energy to fulfill the demand needed by users. 6) CONCLUSION In conclusion, this research has investigated the renewal of the internet from the beginning to the present, until what we aspect in the uture and the effect of the most rapid developing technology to the environment. As mentioned earlier in the introduction, the purpose of this study was to find out usage of internet and digital device from the past to the future and to understand the impact of rapid developing technology and internet to the environment. The results of the investigation show that there are no sign of lessen in internet development in current time or in the future. The technology wa s forever evolve and every day, more people start using internet in their daily life.Despite of all effort that big tech company done to minimize the effect, there is still possibilities that the pollution that cause from internet uses become worse as the users are increasing from day to day. The limitation of this research is in the methodology which is I only done the data collection around the IIUM and not outside. This will make the data value are not really accurate. As we all know, there are still people do not use internet in their entire live especially some people that live in the village or some area that did not have internet coverage area.Based on the findings and conclusions of the study, here are several(prenominal) recommendations to be considered. Firstly, as for the big tech company that provide internet service and using data centre, they can use other energy source to power it up rather than rely severely to coal based energy. For example, even though Facebook family relies heavily on coal energy, their data centre was powered up by mixing it with wind and solar energy, saving about 2. 5 million kWh per year or 1,065 tonnes of CO2. Other method is by using virtualizing.Virtualizing is a method of running quaternary independent virtual operating systems on a single physical computer. It is a way to maximize physical resources to maximize the investment in hardware. For example, from 200 servers, we can reduce it to only 25 servers by using this method. It can save thousands of energy per year and reduce the cost of maintenance. As for the user, we can contribute by minimizing the uses if internet by reducing the time that we consume to surf the internet and also only access the internet when we really need to access it. 7) REFERENCE Al-Quran, Surah Al-Asr: 1-3.Cook, G. (2011). How dirty is your data? A serve at the energy choices that power cloud computing. Amsterdam. Greenpeace International. Cisco (2010). Networking solutions sub solu tion. Retrieved from http://www. mashable. com Forrest, W. , Kaplan, J. M. & Kindler, N. (2008). Data Centers: How to Cut Carbon Emissions and Costs. McKinsey & Company. Greenpeace (2010). Make IT green: cloud computing and its contribution to climate change, Greenpeace International. Koomey, G. (2008). Worldwide electricity used in data centre. Environment Research Letters. IOP Publishing. Leiner, B, et al. (2001).The past and future history of the internet. Communication of the ACM. Neolabels (2010). Digital life: today and tomorrow. Retrieves from http://digitallife. neolabels. com Odlyzko, A. (2000). The history of communications and its implications for the Internet. AT Labs Research. Prouser. (2011). Where the internet was born. Retrieved from http://www. reuters. com/news Teske, S. (2010). free energy [r]evolution: a sustainable world energy outlook. Greenpeace International, European Renewable Energy Council (EREC). 8) APPENDIX SURVEY almost THE USERS OF INTERNE T AMONG THE IIUM STUDENTS SECTION A AGE: | take OF STUDY : | |GENDER : |NATIONALITY : | SECTION B 1) Do you use the internet? Yes No *(if yes, the survey ends here) 2) In a week, how many days do you excrete in the internet? Once A Week2-3 long time A Week 4-5 sidereal days A WeekEvery Day 3) In average, how much time do you send packing in the internet? Less than 1 hour1-3 hoursMore than 3 hours 4) What type of website do you often visit when surfing the internet? Social NetworkMultimedia E-MailInstant Messaging 5) How many device(s) do you have that can access the internet? non HaveOne TwoThree or More 6) What kind of devices do you have that can access the internet? Laptop/ setting PCHandphone Tablet PCOthers: _____________ 7) Do you ever heard about the pollution that occurs from the uses of the internet? Yes No 8) If yes, where do you hear about this? Newspaper/MagazineFriends InternetEducations/Lectures Others: _____________ SURVEY ENDS HERE. THANK YOU FOR YOUR COOPERATIO N\r\n'

'Touching The Void Argumentative essay\r'

'Yates do a wild finish to asc dismiss capital of Minnesota Grandee a mountain in Peru. Simon and Joe were determined to be the first team invariably to successfully boost the west face of Saul Grandee. When successfully reaching the peak of the mountain, they climbed d throw via the north ridge, and thats when trouble took let in its place. Joe slipped and broke his leg, leaving Simon with no pickax except to slowly reel Joe down the snowy mountain, worsened came to worse and Joe was hanging over a drop curtain with more(prenominal)over a set holding him and Simon together.Simon had to hold in a rosaceous last, cut the circuit and and himself, or stay tied toes and both of them be pulled to their finiss. whatever say Simon made the wrong decision by miscue the roach, plainly when In a bread and butter or finish bunk, reserves cutting the rope the only option. Cutting the rope Is a grand rule In the climbing community and Simon was granted a striation of grief when returning from sit Usual Grandee for cutting the rope. Simon was In a vitality or finish detail, and thought that on the end of that rope was a dead, lifeless body: he seriously believed that Joe was dead. qualification that traumatic session to cut the rope, Simon was done a lot of emotions and was tumefy aware of the consequences. He could either have them both fall to their death or have one get forbidden brisk. Simonys decision was the right one to dispatch, not only because they both got out alive but because it was valid, he believed Joe was dead. One is better than none! When in a life or death situation, first instincts is the management to go. Simon expressed in the Touching the Void documentary film that he believed Joe was dead and if he were to cut the rope there was still a dislodge of him surviving.Cutting the rope was clearly he best decision to make because if Simon didnt cut the rope he would have go to his death and there was no chance of S imon or Joe to survive. Simon believed that if he were to cut the rope he could climb back down the mountain and get wait on to possibly save Joe. This meant there was still a chance of them both surviving. Adrenaline is trustworthy, as well as life or death situation instincts, Simon had faith in his decisions and so should everyone else.Simon believed that Joe was dead, even if he werent Simon knew that Joe had a broken leg, and if he left more time to let him limb up the rope, he would have had to help him down the mountain anyway. Selfish, yes, but there is no such thing as selfishness when youre in a life or death situation. Simon cutting the rope conquered his uncertainty of Joe being alive or not. Lucky for them both they both survived this traumatic disaster, which again expresses cutting the rope was the right choice to settle with.Cutting the rope was the right decision to make and I fully support Simonys courageous decision as though I were In the situation myself Id hav e followed the same decisions, because your own fife Is the most graceful thing you could ever have and If you had any chance of living another(prenominal) day of It, you most certainly would, wouldnt you? Touching The Void Argumentative essay By reanalyzes courageous decision, cut the rope and save himself, or stay tied to Joe and both of them be pulled to their deaths. Some say Simon made the wrong decision by cutting the rope, but when in a life or death situation, makes cutting the rope the only option.Cutting the rope is a huge rule in the climbing community and Simon was even a lot of grief when returning from Mount Saul Grandee for cutting the rope. Simon was in a life or death situation, and thought that on the end of that rope was a dead, lifeless body; he seriously believed that Joe was dead. Making that traumatic if he werent Simon knew that Joe had a broken leg, and if he left more time to let him I were in the situation myself Id have followed the same decisions, becau se your own life is the most beautiful thing you could ever have and if you had any chance of living another day of it, you most certainly would, wouldnt you?\r\n'

'Discusses Confucius contributions Essay\r'

'Confucius’ spirit was of tremendous importance in the forming of Chinese nuance. Confucius’ contrive and simple approach to life, revealed his deep seeded beliefs that by great hu populace effort peerless tail end shape their own future. He had great cartel in the ordinary man and believed that they be docile and perfectible. Confucius believed that ordinary humans could be come frightening with wisdom and great k right offledge. The quest to improve one’s â€Å"self” became deeply rooted in the Confucian heritage. Confucius’ concept of honourable levelheadedity was considered fall apart of the pursuit to becoming the perfected per watchword. Confucius was devoted to grooming and t from each oneing. His teaching emphasized self-improvement and example rectitude. When his course â€Å"for the interestingness of the self” ar explored it becomes clear Confucius was continual in his belief of self-improvement through out(p) his life and his work.\r\nConfucius was a philosopher, teacher and political depict that lived from (551-479 BC) in the state of Lu, now know as the Shandong province. He was a member of the minor gentry and bureaucratic class during that time. By the time of his birth, his family had evidently become poverty-stricken. He was known for his conservation of the traditions of rite and music of the Chou civilization.\r\nAt an early age, it was unmixed that Confucius was utilize to acquire. Confucius’ father died when he was three eld old and this probably had a huge trespass on his family’s class. The lose of his father and his family universe poverty-stricken must have been key factors that devise him upon his ambitious journey to improve human kind, governments and society. His induce was his showtime teacher and he developed an accented quest for knowledge.\r\nIt was a common practice for risque families to hire tutors to educate their sons, scarcely Con fucius was one of the first persons to devote himself totally to learning and teaching for the doctor purpose of transforming and improving society. Confucius was similarly a dedicated government servant. He served in government posts where he managed stables and kept books. At the age of nineteen Confucius hook up with a woman of similar background. Confucius’ early influences are all contributing factors that made him a novel and wise scholar during his time.\r\nConfucius concept of â€Å"moral rectitude” was evident because he wanted to make statement available to all men. He believed everyone could benefit from learning and self-cultivation. Confucius established a humanities program for leaders, surface the look for education to all and redefined learning as non just now the acquisition of knowledge, but also as a character builder. Confucius primary berth of education was to provide the proper way of training noblemen. This education would consist of co ntinuous self-improvement and snitch social interaction. To personally achieve the goal â€Å"for the sake of the self”, Confucius mastered six arts: ritual, music, archer, charioteering, penmanship and arithmetic. The art that became most important was that of â€Å"ritual”.\r\nConfucius was actively involved with the government. It was his desire to have a transition of the ideas and institution of a past golden age. Confucius hoped to coalesce the ritual of those times into the government and family life. He believed this could only happen with pattern patterns such as the fabled sage-kings Yao and Shun. Confucius believed that the ethic of an ideal ruler would translate to a moral state. The ideal ruler would cultivate virtues of kindliness toward some separates, a general sense of doing what is right, loyalty and constancy in serving one’s superiors.\r\nThe â€Å"moral rectitude” according to Confucius could also be taught and give down b y performing rituals. Ritual acted as guidelines for people to follow in any tending(p) social situations. Ritual could vary considerably depending on age, social status and gender. Confucius contributed to some specific rituals and set but also the importance of the past and power structure of the social classes. Rituals be came â€Å"the way” to act.\r\nMost vitamin E Asian societies continue to be influenced by Confucius teachings, valuing the community, the family, and other social relationships over individuality and uniqueness. The Confucius influence encourages uphold of education and learning from books and from the past, refinement of social rituals to glitter the relationships of people in a community. The western gloss has vastly deviated from Confucius teaching. Each day the western culture ignores more rituals and become more self-absorbed. A glisten at today’s headlines or human race TV makes this obvious. straight off there are take over some e xisting rituals and moral behavior, but the boundaries daub with each generation.\r\nWhat Confucius provided was a definition of ethics and virtuously characterized by personal actions and rituals. A simple way to understand Confucius thoughts is to gain an appreciation of the varying levels of honesty. oer time, they developed into the following form:\r\n*Li †ritual. properness or politeness, Etiquette. This concept originally meant to sacrifice. The term later on grow to secular ceremonial behaviors and then dismantle more diffuse mean, that of propriety or politeness. This expanded the term to everyday life situations. Confucius was revered as the authority on ritual behavior.\r\n*Ziao or Hsiao †filial piety. Respect and obedience. The was considered to be the greatest virtue and was shown towards the sustainment and dead. The term ‘filial’ means â€Å"of a son” and whence denotes that a son should have love and obedience to his parents. This term was expanded to other relationships such as ruler and subject, husband and wife, elder associate and younger brother, and that between friends. The duties and ritual where prescribed for each of these relationships. Eventually this term was integrated into the Chinese legal system. An example of this would be that a child would be punished more harshly if the crime were against a parent.\r\n*Zhong or Chung †loyalty. This term is equivalent to filial piety, but on a different level. This term utilize predominantly to the social classes of ruler and minister. In a case of Zhong, a minister should obey the ruler because he has the higher (anointed by god) authority and therefore that maked it the right thing to do.\r\n*Ren or Jen †humanness. The relates to the â€Å"Golden observe” This term is best described by Confucius reading material of the Golden Rule, â€Å"Do not do to other what you would not like them to do to you.”\r\n*Junzi or Chun-Tzu â₠¬ the gentleman. The ideal towards which all strive. This term mean â€Å"son of a ruler”. This term implies that a gentleman are always expected to act as moral guides to the rest of society. Gentlemen are those who cultivate themselves morally and who be the other characteristics of honestly. Confucius is exclamatory of this concept\r\nConfucius was a man of great vision. The politics of his time did not consent to his philosophy to flourish, but he did provide an modify to human king. He was perceived then and now as a heroic conscience. Confucius teaching corpse enormously influence today, but unfortunately, they are not always taken to heart or practiced. Today’s politicians could learn much from his teaching. One of Confucius’s principal legacies, the notion of the enlightened civil servant, is not a prevalent as it should be in the modern word. Humankind moves forward, but sometimes we go forth to bring the greatness of our history with us.\r\n'

'Critical Analysis of a Journal Article Essay\r'

'The cartoon of Oncology concerns most and every citizens. Oncology is the study of anything about the nature, medication, and strategic methods in understanding and treating crabby person (Kaminsky, 2009). Based on the information provided in the dickens conditions, Oncology was the main focus of the authors. The authors discussed two distinct strategies in dealing with treating the cancer patients. However, I found Takimoto’s (2008) article more convincing than the otherwise article written by Bertino et.\r\nal. (2007). To start with, the article by that of Takimoto discusses the proposed method of phase 0 clinical trials to gentleman and animal testing in attempt of the doctors and clinicians to strike a cure against cancer. Also, in the article, several advantages of apply the clinical trials are imparted like: the reduction of time, and minimum cost of injury or any other harm to both human and animals. Therefore, I condition that phase 0 clinical trials should be performed.\r\nIn the article innovation was emphasized and linked to the cultivation of products (medicines) through creative manipulating of the dosages that the sample animals or humans, as participants of the trials should receive. Moreover, it was preconceived my many that several dosage could devise a patient weak or worse. Thus, it is strategic among clinicians to define how the dosage should be executed and when shall it baulk (Takimoto, 2009). References Bertino, J. , & Greenberg, H. J. (2007). College of clinical pharmacology position contestation\r\non the use of microdosing in the drug festering process. The Journal of clinical Pharmacology, 47,418-419. Retrieved January 28, 2009 from the Medline database. Kaminsky, A. (2009). What is oncology? Retrieved January 31, 2009 from http://www. wisegeek. com/what-is-oncology. htm Takimoto, C. (2009). Phase 0 Clinical trials in oncology: A paradigm shift for archeozoic drug development? Cancer Chemotherapy Pharmacol ogy, 63,703-709. Retrieved January 28,2009 from http://www. SpringerLink. com\r\n'

'Impact of Corporate Governance on Firm Performance\r'

'Impact of bodily brass instrument on securely Per pretendanceâ€an Empirical probe from the restitution Industry of Pakistan Hafiz Muhammad Raheel Arif* [email protected] com 00923216190575 *COMSATS Institute of learning Technology and cognizance Lahore, Pakistan Abstract The debate is consecrate to cover the electrical shock of bodied presidential term (CG) on the potent transaction (FP) of the damages manufacturing of Pakistan. intravenous feeding prizes use up been used in the paper to proof the soused transaction being affected by the corporal politics. These measures argon apply on Assets (ROA), Return on equity (hard roe), and Market to Book balance and worth gain balance.Data of 24 indemnity companies is interpreted from websites of the companies and Karachi Stock commuting website for the years 2007-2011 devising up 107 observations excluding the missing observations. Pooled familiar Least Squ ar (POLS) obsession technique is used to impart the data. Findings of this involve decide that institutional Shareholding dimension, visiting card surface and In hooked Directors’ symmetry affect whole mental process in the authoritative way whereas, chief executive director officer wave-particle duality, quick coat, and supplement hasten electr binglegative involve on unattackable deed over completely when square act measured done four divergent measures.In future, the oeuvre may be extended to more than(prenominal) unified validation variable stars and make up sample size of it so that more generalized results may be achieved. Key words: corporeal administ proportionalityn, crocked Performance, policy Industry, Pakistan. Introduction C orporate governance has now gained genuinely much importance in the corporate world. Almost in all the countries nearly the globe corporate governance has become needful and is regulated by the concerning bodies. Like in Pakistan, this is authorisation for the corpo rations to comply with the best practices according to the edict of incorporate regime [*].Various studies have attempted to probe into the consanguinity of corporate governance with the sozzled death penalty in the corporate world across various countries. The work strives to investigate the invasion of corporate governance on tauten process in the damages industry of Pakistan. The choose basically extends the findings of Naser Najjar (2012), in his study; Naser * Code of corporate governance is included in the normal No. 37 for the listing regulations of Karachi Stock supersede to determine the best practices of corporate governance in Pakistan.Najjar (2012) investigated the kind of corporate governance with riotous exertion by empirically examining this congenator backship of CG and firm murder in the insurance industry of the Behrain. In his study Naser Najjar (2012) used yet Return on candour as a measure of the financial per formance. This study employs more financial performance measuring stick variables manage Return on Assets, Market to Book ratios, and Price moolah ratios by controlling firm size and the leverage ratio.Naser Najjar (2012) found a electro substantiating railroad tie between firm size and the performance of the insurance companies suggesting that as the size increases the assets are more with the firms in the form of insurance policies and firms efficiently manage things to an supreme gain. In their study Ming-Cheng Wu, Hsin-Chiang Lin, I-Cheng Lin, and Chun-Feng Lai found the positive apprisalship of firm size with the performance when measured by Return on Assets.table size indicateed a forbid relation in the past studies as in the study of Ming-Cheng Wu, Hsin-Chiang Lin, I-Cheng Lin, and Chun-Feng Lai; they found that get along with size is electro proscribely associated with the firm performance callable to the close of put off’s composition of inside as good as outside directors, and inside directors would have comparatively high aim of information regarding company’s internal affairs than outside directors and inside directors would achievement in their own interest and may keep apart the rights of shareholders and as the number of inside directors increases it makes the performance down.While some other study, Bacon (1973) gave a different opinion that larger menu size positively affects the performance justifying in a way that larger board usually comes with a diversified background and qualifications which generates different viewpoints and hence increases graphic symbol of managerial decisions. One another very substantial way to control corporate bodies by bring down agency issues is to separate the chief operating officer from death chair (William et al. 2003).If these 2 characters are performed by a unmarried individual, is know as chief executive officer Duality. This situation if exists, reduces firm perform ance as in that respect would be no one to â€Å"watch the watchers” (Zubaidah 2009). Independency of directors yet another variable to reduce confiscation of shareholders’ rights as self- caning directors would bring in in the best interest of the shareholders. The more the in symbiotic directors in the board, higher will be the performance of the firm (Zubaidah 2009).Upcoming sections are composed as; conterminous section reviews the literature regarding the variables of corporate governance and performance measure. Then there comes the methodology section followed by the findings and results with conclusion at the end. Review of Literature tremendous studies empirically investigated the relationship between corporate governance and firm performance regarding various types of industries and across the world. Insurance industry is one of the financial sectors of any economy and it continuously gaining importance in Pakistan.Likewise, the issues of governing corp orate bodies are raised during practices, the reason the study intends to check equal of corporate governance on the firm performance in the insurance industry of Pakistan. A number of studies used ROE and ROA as a measure of performance while checking for the shock of corporate governance on these variables. Naser Najjar (2012) found that there does not exist any real necktie between CEO Duality as a measure of corporate governance and Return on law (ROE) as a performance measure.Masood Fooladi Chaghadari (2011) found minus relation between CEO Duality and firm performance which put forwards roughly the fact that if a single person acts as CEO and moderate of the board it will reduce the performance of a firm. The study of Sanjai Bhagat & Brian Bolton (2007) withal suggests the kindred results; the separation of CEO and Chairman of the board is positively and significantly associated to the firm performance. Anthony Kyereboah-Coleman ( multinational multitude on emb odied formation in emergent Markets) in his study found that CEO duality has negatively relationship with the firm performance.Sanjai Bhagat & Brian Bolton (2007) found very interestingly the negative relationship of board independence with operating performance and made it relevant that with consider to the board independence which received corporate governance listing requirement from NYSE and NASDAQ. Masood Fooladi Chaghadari (2011) found negative relation of leverage with ROA and positive relation of the same variable with ROE. Anthony Kyereboah-Coleman ( transnational Conference on corporate Governance in Emerging Markets) also found negative relation of leverage with Return on Assets. methodology I. Sample DataThe study initially undertook data of haphazard selected 27 insurance companies of Pakistan from 2007-2011 making up one hundred thirty-five observations out of which 3 companies figureed incomplete information due to which they were excluded from the study and 13 observations were missing in the data. The study then includes 107 observations. Data is collected from Karachi Stock substitution (KSE) and websites of insurance companies. Current study has used Pooled Ordinary Least Square (POLS) regression method to regress the data collected to fulfill the objective of measuring continue of corporate governance on firm performance. II. sets In order to measure the firm performance the current study uses 4 different measures that is to say Return on Assets (ROA), Return on virtue (ROE), Market to Book ratio (MB ratio), and Price net income ratio (PE ratio) and variables control panel Size (BS), institutional Shareholding ratio (ISH ratio), CEO duality (CEOD) and board Independence as corporate governance variables while supplement ratio (LEV) and Firm Size (FS) are controlled and included in the theoretical accounts as follow:- Perf(ROA) jit = ? 0 + BS jit? 1 + ISH jit? 2 + CEODjit? 3 + IDjit? 4 + LEVjit? 5 + FSjit? 6 + ? Perf(R OE) jit = ? 0 + BSjit? 1 + ISHjit? 2 + CEODjit? + IDjit? 4 + LEVjit? 5 + FSjit? 6 + ? Perf(MB) jit = ? 0 + BSjit? 1 + ISHjit? 2 + CEODjit? 3 + IDjit? 4 + LEVjit? 5 + FSjit? 6 + ? Perf(PE)jit = ? 0 + BSjit? 1 + ISHjit? 2 + CEODjit? 3 + IDjit? 4 + LEVjit? 5 + FSjit? 6 + ? Where: Perfjit= Firm Performance measured by ROA, ROE, MB, and PE ratios form firm j, ith observation at time t. ?0= the intercept. BS = Board Size ISH = institutional Shareholding CEOD = CEO Duality ID= In myrmecophilous Directors LEV = Leverage Ratio FS = Firm Size ? = Stochastic disturbance term, and all the of imports are coefficients of change rate in the variables against one social unit increase.III. Variables Definition table 1 AcronymVariable NameProxies Dependent Variables ROAReturn on AssetsProfit Before Tax/ get Assets ROEReturn on fairness lettuce useable to Stockholder/Total Equity MBMarket to Book ratioMarket legal injury Per Share/Book take account Per Share PEPrice meshwork ratioMarket price Pe r Share/Earning Per Share strong-minded Variables BSBoard Size military issue of Directors in the Board of Directors ISHInstitutional ShareholdingPercentage shares held by Institutional Investors CEODCEO DualityDummy variable, equals to 1 if CEO and Chairman is the same person or 0 otherwise.IDIndependent DirectorsThe ratio of No. of Independent Directors/Total Number of Directors in the Board of Directors LEVLeverage ratioTotal Debt/Total Assets FSFirm SizeNatural Log of Total Assets Results put over 2 discusses the descriptive statistics of all the variables including dependent variables Return on Assets (ROA), Return on Equity (ROE), Market to Book ratio (MB), and Price Earnings ratio (PE). The mean apprise of PE 5. 134 is less as compared to the other dependent variables which denote the lower honorarium gained by insurance companies as compared to the mean value of ROE which is 12. 91 which is almost double and soak ups the portrayal that insurance companies earn more on equity. BS mean value 10. 654 pictures that on total close 11 numbers of directors is part of the board having a standard deviation of 1. 108. On the median(a) 40. 489% of all the issued share of an insurance company are held by institutional investors with a standard deviation of 6. 333%. The ratio of CEOD in the insurance industry of Pakistan is 0. 477 which expresses that on the average there are 47. 7% companies where CEO and Chairman is the same individual.The mean value of ID, 0. 425 tells about the average ratio of board independence in an insurance company in Pakistan. Leverage value of 0. 581 bespeaks that on average an insurance company employs 58. 1% debt in the capital structure ratio. turn off 2 descriptive Statistics MeanMinimumMaximumStd. Deviation ROA9. 631-25. 63852. 78320. 035 ROE12. 791-53. 85989. 36936. 980 MB5. 1343. 427. 781. 456 PE10. 3428. 716. 62. 059 BS10. 6549121. 108 FS16. 72916. 17917. 2130. 288 ISH40. 48931. 23053. 9306. 333 CEOD0. 477010. 502 ID0 . 4250. 2220. 6670. 091 LEV0. 5810. 3990. 6930. 073 tabularize 3 mouldings summary tells about the R-Square(s), set R-Square(s) and the Durbin-Watson values which tell about the fact that is there any auto-correlation problem? The calculated values for the models on an individual basis tell that there is not auto-correlation problem as all the values are in the assert 1. 5-2. 5. Adjusted R-Square of model 4(PE) is largest 0. 897 which tells that all the covariates explain the model by 89. 7%, while the Adjusted R-Squared value of model 3 is smallest 0. 722 which explains about 72. 2% of the model. Table 3 Models meansmary ModelRR SquareAdjusted R SquareStd.Error of the EstimateDurbin-Watson 1 (ROA)0. 9370. 8770. 8707. 22601. 913 2 (ROE)0. 8620. 7430. 72819. 3001. 982 3 (MB)0. 8590. 7380. 7220. 7681. 907 4 (PE)0. 9500. 9020. 8970. 6622. 257 Table 4 tells about the individual significance of the four models used in the study. The F-value of model ROA is 119. 139 and p-value is 0. 000 which tells that the model is significant, while the F-value for model ROE is 48. 189 and p-value is 0. 000 which is significant. F-value of model MB is 48. 863 and p-value is 0. 000 which is again significant and the model PE is also significant as the p-value for that model is 0. 00. each the models are significant at 5% train of significance. Table 4 ANOVA Model Sum of SquaresdfMean SquareFSig. 1 (ROA)Regression37325. 50766220. 918119. 1390. 000 Residual5221. 53310052. 215 Total42547. 040106 2 (ROE)Regression107706. 536617951. 08948. 1890. 000 Residual37250. 738100372. 507 Total144957. 274106 3 (MB)Regression165. 773627. 62946. 8630. 000 Residual58. 9571000. 590 Total224. 730106 4 (PE)Regression405. 554667. 592154. 0760. 000 Residual43. 8701000. 439 Total449. 424106 Table 5 narrates the Pearson correlation coefficients for the model 1 where the dependent variable is ROA.Institutional Shareholding has the largest coefficient 0. 845 which means that it has a plastered posi tive relationship with Return on Assets. Firm size also has significantly positive relation with the return on assets. Board size unexpectedly showed a very weak relationship with the return on assets, the coefficient is 0. 048. CEO duality is another case which has a weak positive relationship with ROA, the coefficient of CEOD and ROA is 0. 034. The empirical establish shows that there is negative relation between firm size, institutional shareholding, leverage and board size every the relations among these variables are not unassailable.Leverage also have negative only when near to zero relation to the firm size. Board independence (ID) is also negatively associated to the institutional shareholding. Table 5 Pearson Correlation ROABSFSISHCEODIDLEV ROA1 BS0. 0481 FS0. 556-0. 0451 ISH0. 845-0. 2130. 3911 CEOD0. 0340. 2140. 0360. 0921 ID0. 2360. 0750. 707-0. 097-0. 0301 LEV0. 441-0. 010-0. 0010. 425-0. 321-0. 1531 Table 6 discusses the regression coefficients when the dependent v ariable is ROA. The results show that all the coefficients are significant except the firm size and CEO duality.Firm size has negative relation with the return on assets which is consistent with the literature. CEOD has negative impact on the firm performance when it is measured by ROA; the results are not significant but support the literature. While, Board Size (BS), Institutional Shareholding (ISH), Independent Directors (ID), and Leverage has positive impact on firm performance. in that location is no multi-collinearity problem with the variables as suggested by the VIF values. Table 6 Coefficients ModelVariablesUnstandardized Coefficients Standardized CoefficientstSig.Collinearity Statistics BetaStd. ErrorBeta ToleranceVIF 1(Constant)-179. 18670. 247 -2. 5510. 012** BS4. 1100. 6870. 2275. 9850. 000*0. 8501. 176 FS-0. 8464. 625-0. 012-0. 1830. 8550. 2783. 595 ISH2. 8300. 1730. 89516. 4020. 000*0. 4132. 424 CEOD-2. 2511. 620-0. 056-1. 3900. 168***0. 7461. 341 ID71. 95713. 3210. 3275. 4020. 000*0. 3342. 993 LEV26. 02312. 1630. 0952. 1400. 035**0. 6201. 613 Dependent Variable: ROA. *, **, *** show 1%, 5% and 10% significance level respectively. Table 7 discusses the Pearson correlation coefficients now fetching Return on Equity as dependent variable.Again consistent with the antecedent model, Institutional Shareholding has the largest coefficient which shows a strong relation of ISH with ROE. COED has the smallest coefficient but has positive association with the ROE. BS has negative relation with Firm size, ISH and Leverage which in line with the literature. Independent directors’ ratio is negatively associated to the ISH but has a weaker relationship. ID has also inverse relation with leverage and also has weak relation. Table 7 Pearson Correlations ROEBSFSISHCEODIDLEV ROE1 BS0. 0531 FS0. 485-0. 0451 ISH0. 739-0. 2130. 3911 CEOD0. 0190. 2140. 0360. 0921ID0. 2890. 0750. 707-0. 097-0. 0301 LEV0. 371-0. 010-0. 0010. 425-0. 321-0. 1531 The results of some of the variables are now different form the results of the previous model where dependent variable was ROA. In the table 8, the dependent variable is Return on Equity (ROE), the reason why leverage has become insignificant. Board size, Firm size, Institutional Shareholding, and Independent directors’ ratio are the statistically significant variables. While COED and Leverage are insignificant but both have positive impact on firm performance. The Institutional Shareholding has largest beta coefficient of 0. 20 which means every 1% increase in Institutional Shareholding will increase firm performance by 0. 920. CEOD has negative impact on firm performance which is consistent with the findings of Masood Fooladi Chaghadari (2011). VIF values depict the absence of multi-collinearity problem in the variables. Table 8 Coefficients Model Unstandardized Coefficients Standardized CoefficientstSig. Collinearity Statistics BetaStd. ErrorBeta ToleranceVIF 2(Constant)138. 509187. 627 0. 7380. 462 BS7. 1561. 8340. 2143. 9020. 000*0. 8501. 176 FS-31. 18112. 354-0. 243-2. 5240. 013**0. 2783. 595 ISH5. 3790. 4610. 92111. 6720. 00*0. 4132. 424 CEOD-5. 4804. 326-0. 074-1. 2670. 208***0. 7461. 341 ID218. 28535. 5810. 5386. 1350. 000*0. 3342. 993 LEV20. 27232. 4860. 0400. 6240. 5340. 6201. 613 Dependent Variable: ROE. *, **, *** show 1%, 5% and 10% significance level respectively. Consistent with previous models, Institutional shareholding ratio has largest coefficient which strong relationship with firm performance. Board size, CEO duality and supreme directors’ ratio found to have negative but weak relation with firm performance in this model. Independent directors’ ratio has negative association with Institutional shareholding.Independent directors’ ratio is negatively associated to the leverage ratio also. Firm size has strong positive relation with independent directors’ ratio; the correlation coefficient between these dickens variable s is 0. 770. Table 9 Correlations MBBSFSISHCEODIDLEV MB1 BS-0. 0411 FS0. 005-0. 0451 ISH0. 624-0. 2130. 3911 CEOD-0. 2240. 2140. 0360. 0921 ID-0. 0310. 0750. 770-0. 097-0. 0301 LEV0. 375-0. 010-0. 0010. 425-0. 321-0. 1531 In Table 10 dependent variable is Market to Book ratio. In this model Firm Size (FS), COE Duality and Leverage have negative but significant impact on firm performance.Variables Board Size, Institutional Shareholding and Independent Directors’ ratio have positive and significant impact on firm performance. Negative coefficient of FS -0. 927 means every unit increase in firm size will lead to -0. 927 times decrease in firm performance. The results are consistent with the previous literature. VIF statistics show that there is no multi-collinearity problem. Table 10 Coefficients Model Unstandardized Coefficients Standardized CoefficientstSig. Collinearity Statistics BetaStd. ErrorBeta ToleranceVIF 3(Constant)67. 2377. 464 9. 0080. 000* BS0. 2590. 0730. 1973. 55 40. 001*0. 501. 176 FS-4. 6920. 491-0. 927-9. 5470. 000*0. 2783. 595 ISH0. 2740. 0181. 19014. 9240. 000*0. 4132. 424 CEOD-1. 0680. 172-0. 368-6. 2070. 000*0. 7461. 341 ID11. 0621. 4160. 6927. 8140. 000*0. 3342. 993 LEV-2. 8151. 292-0. 142-2. 1790. 032**0. 6201. 613 Dependent Variable: MB. *, **, *** show 1%, 5% and 10% significance level respectively. In table 11, dependent variable is Price Earnings ratio and it shows the Pearson Correlation coefficients. Inconsistent with the previous models, Institutional Shareholding has negative and strong relationship with Price Earnings (a measure of firm performance).In this model Leverage also has strong negative relationship with firm performance. Firm Size, ISH, and LEV are negatively associated with Board Size. But only the leverage has negative relation with Firm size, CEO duality and Independent Directors’ ratio. Independent Directors’ ratio has powerfully positive relationship of 0. 707 with Firm size. Table 11 Pearson C orrelations PEBSFSISHCEODIDLEV PE1 BS0. 0531 FS0. 406-0. 0451 ISH-0. 582-0. 2130. 3911 CEOD-0. 1050. 2140. 0360. 0921. 0 ID0. 6680. 0750. 707-0. 097-0. 0301 LEV-0. 575-0. 010-0. 0010. 425-0. 321-0. 1531In table 12 all the independent variables are significant except for Board Size, the only variable which is insignificant but is negatively associated to the firm performance. This is also consistent with previous literature. Values of VIF tell about the absence of multi-collinearity in the variables. Table 12 Coefficients ModelUnstandardized CoefficientsStandardized CoefficientstSig. Collinearity Statistics BetaStd. ErrorBeta ToleranceVIF 4(Constant)-38. 3486. 439 -5. 9560. 000* BS-0. 0720. 063-0. 039-1. 1460. 2550. 8501. 176 FS3. 6760. 4240. 5148. 6700. 000*0. 2783. 595 ISH-0. 2000. 016-0. 615-12. 6330. 00*0. 4132. 424 CEOD-0. 6570. 148-0. 160-4. 4250. 000*0. 7461. 341 ID4. 3461. 2210. 1923. 5590. 001**0. 3342. 993 LEV-9. 4391. 115-0. 336-8. 4670. 000*0. 6201. 613 Dependent Variable : PE. *, **, *** show 1%, 5% and 10% significance level respectively. Conclusion merged governance plays a pivotal role in the performance of Insurance Companies. There are different statutory bodies in different countries which control and ensure the best practices in the corporations like in Pakistan Securities and Exchange Commission of Pakistan is responsible for monitoring and controlling much(prenominal) practices in the corporations.This study finds that Board Size (BS), Institutional Shareholding (ISH) and Independent Directors’ ratio have positive and significant impact on corporate governance. The reasons are if Board size is large, the board has members having diverse background, more viewpoints, and belligerent and experienced individuals which lead towards right decision making and towards better performance as compared to the industry norms. Institutional investors have more interest in the investment funds and management skills which adds to the performance of the firm.The more the Independent Directors in the board, the more the transparency and integrity which ultimately leads towards compound performance. CEO duality have negative impact on the firm performance due to reason that inefficiencies and mismanagement in the operations is not watched by any independent person which make the performance of the company worse. The study also finds that Firm Size and Leverage also have negative impact on firm performance. As the size of the firm increases due to the reason of diseconomies of scale it puts worse impact on the financial performance of the firm.For the future research, scholars may increase the sample size to get more generalized results and there should be included more corporate governance variables like family self-control, concentration, directors’ remuneration and many an(prenominal) others. References Najjar, Naser (2012). â€Å"The Impact of incorporated Governance on the Insurance Firm’s Performance in Bahrain”. International Journal of Learning & Development ISSN 2164-4063 2012, Vol. 2, No. 2 Zubaidah Z. A. , Kamaruzaman J. and Nurmala M. K. (2009). Board structure and corporate performance in Malaysia.International Journal of Economic and pay 1(1): 150-164. Williams S. M. and Ho C. A. (2003). International Comparative Analysis of the Association between Board social structure and the efficiency of Value Added by a Firm from its Physical crownwork and Intellectual Capital Resources. The International Journal of Accounting 38(4):465-491. Ming-Cheng Wu, Hsin-Chiang Lin, I-Cheng Lin, Chun-Feng Lai. â€Å"The Effects of bodied Governance on Firm Performance”. Chaghadari, Masood Fooladi (2011). â€Å" incarnate Governance and FirmPerformance” 2011 International Conference on Sociality and economic science Development IPEDR vol. 10 (2011) © (2011) IACSIT Press, Singapore Bhagat, Sanjai and Bolton, Brian (2007). â€Å" incarnate Governance And Firm Per formance”. Kajola, Sunday O (2008). â€Å"Corporate Governance and Firm Performance: The sideslip of Nigerian Listed Firms”. European Journal of Economics, Finance and Administrative Science ISSN 1450-2275 have it away 14 (2008) D. N. Ranasinghe (2010). â€Å"Composition and Configuration of the Board and Firm Performance in fiscal service Industry in Sri Lanka”. DSM logical argument Review v Vol. , No. 2 (December, 2010) Anthony Kyereboah-Coleman (2007). â€Å"CORPORATE GOVERNANCE AND bulletproof PERFORMANCE IN AFRICA: A DYNAMIC display panel DATA ANALYSIS”. International Conference on Corporate Governance in Emerging Markets. fifteenth -17th November, 2007, Sabanci University, Istanbul, Turkey Shaheen, Rozina and Nishat, Dr. Mohammed. â€Å"Corporate Governance and Firm Performance- An searching Analysis”. Nittayagasetwat, Aekkachai and Nittayagasetwat, Wiyada (2009) â€Å"Empirical Analysis of Corporate Governance: The Impact on Firm Perfo rmance: The Case of Thailand”. Patibandla, Murali (2001). Equity Pattern, Corporate Governance and Performance: A Study of India’s Corporate Sector”. J. Bacon (1973). â€Å"Corporate directorship practice, member and committees of the board”. New York: The conference board. Sanjai Bhagat, Brian Bolton (2008). â€Å"Corporate governance and firm performance”. Journal of Corporate Finance 14 (2008) 257â€273 Alon Brav, Wei Jiang, Frank Partnoy, Randall Thomas (2006). â€Å" prorogue Fund Activism, Corporate Governance, and Firm Performance”. Malik, Hifza (2011). â€Å"DETERMINANTS OF amends COMPANIES PROFITABILITY: AN ANALYSIS OF INSURANCE SECTOR OF PAKISTAN”.Volume 1, Issue 3, November 201 Naveed Ahmed, Zulfqar Ahmed, Ahmad Usman (2011). â€Å"Determinants of Performance: A Case of Life Insurance Sector of Pakistan”. International Research Journal of Finance and Economics ISSN 1450-2887 Issue 61 (2011). Al-Shami, Hamdan Ahmad ( 2008). â€Å"Determinants of Insurance companies’ favourableness in UAE”. Narjess Boubakri, Jean-Claude Cosset, and Omrane Guedhami (2001). â€Å"Liberalization, Corporate Governance, and the Performance of Newly Privatized Firm”. William Davidson Institute Working idea 419 Stuart Kells and Mark Rogers (1997). decision maker remuneration, board structure, corporate strategy and firm performance: A taste of the literature”. ISSN 1328-4991, ISBN 0 7325 0955 6 Kader Sahin, Cigdem Sahin Basfirinci2 and Aygun Ozsalih (2011). â€Å"The impact of board composition on corporate financial and social responsibility performance: establish from public-listed companies in Turkey”. African Journal of Business Management Vol. 5 (7), pp. 2959-2978, 4 April, 2011 Farshid Navissi and Vic Naiker (2006). â€Å"Institutional ownership and corporate value”. Managerial Finance Vol. 32 No. 3, 2006 pp. 247-256 John E. Core, Robert W.Holthausen*, David F. Larcker ( 1999). â€Å"Corporate governance, chief executive officer compensation, and firm performance”. Journal of Financial Economics 51 (1999) 371? 406 Dong-Sung Cho* and Jootae Kim (2007). â€Å"Outside Directors, Ownership Structure and Firm Profitability in Korea”. Volume 15 Number 2 March 2007 Victoria Wise, Muhammad Mahboob Ali (2009). â€Å"Corporate Governance and Corporate Social Responsibility in Bangladesh with special reference to Commercial Banks”. Working Paper No. AIUB-BUS-ECON-2009-0 Gujrati, Damodar N. & Porter, Dawn C. â€Å"Basic Econometrics”. 5th adaptation McGraw-Hill\r\n'